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BETTER HOMES 
IN AMERICA 

Plan Book 

Dermmtratkm 

Wed 

October 9 to 1419 21 



^Additional copies may be obtained 
from the Bureau of Information 




©CI.A6S1536 


AUG 16 1922 

c&xl- 3 Li 



*o 

ir 

i 

■*t- NPstIIO 







I 


« 



























'BETTER H 0<M E S 

“DEMON ST RATION^ ' IF E E K — 


Advisory Qouncil 

♦ 

CALVIN COOLIDGE 

Vice-President of the United States 

HERBERT HOOVER 

Secretary of Commerce 

HENRY C. WALLACE 

Secretary of Agriculture 

JAMES JOHN DAVIS 

Secretary of Labor 

Dr. HUGH S. CUMMING 

Surgeon-General United States Public Health Service 

Dr. JOHN JAMES TIGERT 

U. S. Commissioner of Education 

C. W. PUGSLEY 

Assistant Secretary of Agriculture 

JOHN M. GRIES 

Director Division of Building and Housing , Dept, of Commerce 

JULIUS H. BARNES 

President Chamber of Commerce of the United States 

JOHN IHLDER 

Director Housing Conditions , Chamber of Commerce of the United States 

DONN BARBER 

Fellow American Institute of Architects 

JOHN BARTON PAYNE 

Chairman Central Committee American Red Cross 

LIVINGSTON FARRAND 

Chairman National Health Council 

Mrs. THOMAS G. WINTER 

President General Federation of Women's Clubs 

MRS. LENA LAKE FORREST 

President National Federation of Business and Professional Women s Clubs 


Bureau of Information, THE DELINEATOR, 223 Spring Street, 










ItE T^I C <-Jl 

OCTOBER NINTH TO FOURTEENTH 


Qo-operating 

« 

ALASKA - 

ARIZONA 

ARKANSAS 

COLORADO 

FLORIDA 

IDAHO - 

INDIANA - - - 

KANSAS - 
KENTUCKY 
MARYLAND 
MASSACHUSETTS 
MISSISSIPPI - 
MISSOURI 
NEBRASKA 
NEVADA - 

OHIO - - - 

OREGON - 

PENNSYLVANIA 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

SOUTH DAKOTA 

TENNESSEE 

UTAH 

VERMONT 

VIRGINIA 

WYOMING 


(governors 

Scott C. Bone, Governor 
Thos. E. Campbell, Governor 
T. C. McRae, Governor 
O. H. Shoup, Governor 
Cary A. Hardee, Governor 

D. W. Davis, Governor 
W. T. McCray, Governor 
Henry J. Allen, Governor 

E. P. Morrow, Governor 
A. C. Ritchie, Governor 
C. H. Cox, Governor 

Lee M. Russell, Governor 

A. M. Hyde, Governor 

S. R. McKelvie, Governor 
E. D. Boyle, Governor 
H. L. Davis, Governor 

B. W. Olcott, Governor 
W. C. Sproul, Governor 
Wilson G. Harvey, Governor 
W. H. McMaster, Governor 
Alfred A. Taylor, Governor 
Chas. R. Mabey, Governor 
James Hartness, Governor 

E. L. Trinkle, Governor 
Robert D. Carey, Governor 


New York City Secretary, Mrs. William Brown Meloney 


[ 3 ] 








Better Homes 


By Calvin Coolidge 



E spend too much time in longing for the things that 
are far off and too little in the enjoyment of the 
things that are near at hand. We live too much in 
dreams and too little in realities. We cherish too 
many impossible projects of setting worlds in order, 
which are bound to fail. We consider too little 
plans for putting our own households in order, which might easily 
be made to succeed. A large part of our seeming ills would be 
dispelled if we could but turn from the visionary to the practical. 
We need the influence of vision, we need the inspiring power of 
ideals, but all these are worthless unless they can be translated into 
positive actions. 


The world has been through a great spiritual and moral 
awakening in these last few years. There are those who fear that 
this may all be dissipated. It will be unless it can be turned into 
something actual. In our own country conditions have developed 
which make this more than ever easy of accomplishment. It ought 
to be expressed not merely in official and public deeds, but in per¬ 
sonal and private actions. It must come through a realization that 
the great things of life are not reserved for the enjoyment of a 
few, but are within the reach of all. 


There are two shrines at which mankind has always worshipped, 
must always worship: the altar which represents religion, and the 
hearthstone which represents the home. 

These are the product of fixed beliefs and fixed modes of living. 
They have not grown up by accident; they are the means, deliberate, 
mature, sanctified, by which the human race, in harmony with its 
own great nature, is developed and perfected. They are at' once 
the source and the result of the inborn longing for what is com¬ 
pleted, for what has that finality and security required to give to 
society the necessary element of stability. 

The genius of America has long been directed to the construc¬ 
tion of great highways and railroads, the erection of massive build¬ 
ings for the promotion of trade and the transaction of public busi¬ 
ness. It has supplied hospitals, institutions of learning and places 

[ 4 ] 






of religious worship. All of these are worthy of the great effort 
and the sustained purpose which alone has made them possible. 
They contribute to the general welfare of all the people, but they 
are all too detached, too remote; they do not make the necessary 
contribution of a feeling of proprietorship and ownership. They 
do not complete the circuit. They are for the people, but not of 
the people. They do not satisfy that longing which exists in every 
human breast to be able to say: “This is mine.” 

We believe in American institutions. We believe that they are 
justified by the light of reason, and by the result of experience. We 
believe in the right of self-government. We believe in the protec¬ 
tion of the personal rights of life and liberty and the enjoyment 
of the rewards of industry. We believe in the right to acquire, to 
hold, and transmit property. We believe in all that which is repre¬ 
sented under the general designation of a republic. 

But while we hold that these principles are sound we do not 
claim that they have yet become fully established. We do not claim 
that our institutions are yet perfected. 

It is of little avail to assert that there is an inherent right to 
own property unless there is an open opportunity that this right 
may be enjoyed in a fair degree by all. That which is referred to 
in such critical terms as capitalism cannot prevail unless it is adapted 
to the general requirements. Unless it be of the people it will 
cease to have a place under our institutions, even as slavery ceased. 

It is time to demonstrate more effectively that property is of the 
people. It is time to transfer some of the approbation and effort 
that has gone into the building of public works to the building, 
ornamenting, and owning of private homes by the people at large— 
attractive, worthy, permanent homes. 

Society rests on the home. It is the foundation of our institu¬ 
tions. Around if are gathered all the cherished memories of child¬ 
hood, the accomplishments of maturity, and the consolations of age. 
So long as a people hold the home sacred they will be in the posses¬ 
sion of a strength of character which it will be impossible to destroy. 

Apparently the world at large, certainly our own country, is 
turning more and more for guidance to that wisdom born of affec¬ 
tion which we call the intuition of woman. Her first thought is 
always of the home. Her first care is for its provision. As our 
laws and customs are improved by her influence, it is likely to be 
first in the direction of greater facility for acquiring, and greater 
security in holding a home. 

Some of the fine enthusiasm which was developed by the required 

[ 5 ] 


sacrifices of war may well find a new expression in turning towards 
the making of the home. It is the final answer to every challenge 
of the soundness of the fundamental principles of our institutions. 
It holds the assurance and prospect of contentment and of satis¬ 
faction. 

Under present conditions any ambition of America to become 
a nation of home owners would be by no means impossible of ful¬ 
fillment. The land is available, the materials are at hand, the 
necessary accumulation of credit exists, the courage, the endurance 
and the sacrifice of the people are not wanting. Let them begin, 
however slender their means, the building and perfecting of the na¬ 
tional character by the building and adorning of a home which shall 
be worthy of the habitation of an American family, calm in the 
assurance that “the gods send thread for a web begun.” 

Here will be found that satisfaction which comes from posses¬ 
sion and achievement. Here is the opportunity to express the soul 
in art. Here is the Sacred influence, here in the earth at our feet, 
around the hearthstone, which raises man to his true estate. 



[61 


The Home as an Investment 

By Herbert Hoover 

O NE can always safely judge of the character of a nation by 
its homes. For it is mainly through the hope of enjoying the 
ownership of a home that the latent energy of any citizenry is called 
forth. This universal yearning for better homes and the larger 
security, independence and freedom that they imply, was the aspira¬ 
tion that carried our pioneers westward. Since the preemption acts 
passed early in the last century, the United States, in its land laws, 
has recognized and put a premium upon this great incentive. It has 
stimulated the building of rural homes through the wide distribu¬ 
tion of land under the Homestead Acts and by the distribution of 
credit through the Farm Loan Banks. Indeed, this desire for home 
ownership has, without question, stimulated more people to purpose¬ 
ful saving than any other factor. Saving, in the abstract, is, of 
course, a perfunctory process as compared with purposeful saving 
for a home, the possession of which may change the very physical, 
mental, and moral fibre of one’s own children. ^ 

Now, in the main because of the diversion of our economic 
strength from permanent construction to manufacturing of con¬ 
sumable commodities during and after the war, we are short about 
a million homes. In cities such a shortage implies the challenge 
of congestion. It means that in practically every American city of 
more than 200,000, from 20 to 30 per cent, of the population is 
adversely affected, and that thousands of families are forced into 
unsanitary and dangerous quarters. This condition, in turn, means a 
large increase in rents, a throw-back in human efficiency and that 
unrest which inevitably results from inhibition of the primal instinct 
in us all for home ownership. It makes for nomads and vagrants. 
In rural areas it means aggravation and increase of farm tenantry 
on one hand, an increase of landlordism on the other hand, and 
general disturbance to the prosperity and contentment of rural life. 

There is no incentive to thrift like the ownership of property. 
The man who owns his own home has a happy sense of security. 
He will invest his hard earned savings to improve the house he 
owns. He will develop it and defend it. No man ever worked 
for, or fought for a boarding-house. 

But the appalling anomaly of a nation as prosperous as ours 
thwarted largely in its common yearning for better homes, is now 

m 


giving way to the gratifying revival of home construction. Ac¬ 
cordingly the time is ripe for this revival to afford an opportunity 
to our people to look to more homes and better ones, to better, more 
economical and more uniform building codes, and to universal es¬ 
tablishment and application of zoning rules that make for the 
development of better towns and cities. We have the productive 
capacity wasted annually in the United States sufficient to raise in 
large measure the housing conditions of our entire people to the 
level that only fifty per cent, of them now enjoy. We have wastes 
in the building industry itself which, if constructively applied, would 
go a long way toward supplying better homes, so that what is needed 
imperatively is organized intelligence and direction. For the prob¬ 
lem is essentially one of ways and means. 

And, finally, while we are about Better Homes for America and 
are lending such indirect support to the movement as the Govern¬ 
ment, States, counties, communities, and patriotic individuals and 
organizations can rightfully give, let us have in mind not houses 
merely, but homes! There is a large distinction. It may have been 
a typesetter who confounded the two words. For, curiously, with 
all our American ingenuity and resourcefulness, we have overlooked 
the laundry and the kitchen, and thrown the bulk of our efforts in 
directions other than those designed to make better homes by adding 
to the facilities of our very habitations. If, in other words, the 
family is the unit of modern civilization, the home, its shelter and 
gathering-point, should, it would seem, warrant in its design and 
furnishing quite as large a share of attention as the power plant 
or the factory. 

We believe, therefore, that in every community in which it is 
possible a “Better Homes in America” Demonstration should be 
planned and carried through during the week of October 9th to 
14th, 1922. 



[81 


L 


THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 
WASH INGTON 


July 24, 1922. 


Dear Mrs. Meloney: 

Naturally I am intarested in the "Better Homes 
in .America" movement. When we consider the all powerful 
influence of home conditions and home atmosphere on the 
lives and character of cur people, both young and old, 
surely every proper effort to improve those conditions 
should have the support of all good citizens. 

Our people in the Department of Agriculture will 
he glad to advise with your committee chairmen on any 
matters in which they can lend assistance. Our home 
demonstration agents in different sections of the country 
can no doubt be helpful in advising as to the setting up 
of demonstration kitchens. 

You seem to have gathered to your help the coopera¬ 
tion of a large number of state governors and also a 
number of other gentlemen vtfio, because of their public 
work, can possibly contribute to the success of the 
campaign. 

With very best wishes, I am 


Sincerely y™^* 



Mrs. William Brown Meloney, 

Secretary to the Advisory Council 
for the "Better Homes" Campaign, 


223 Spring Street, 


Hew York City. 


[91 


BETTER HOMES 





> 3 

3 <2 




f 10] 


I I 


DEMONSTRATION OF BETTER. HOMES »» October 9 to 14.1922 


















































A Plan 

for 

Qommunity Organization 

Of 

Better Homes in America 


fffemonstration IV°ek 
October gth to 1/f.th, 1922 


The future history of America will be shaped in large 
measure by the character of its homes. If we continue to be a 
home-loving people we shall have the strength that comes only 
from a virile family life. This means that our homes must be 
attractive, comfortable, convenient, wholesome. They must 
keep pace with the progress made outside the home. Realiza¬ 
tion of this has crystallized into a national civic campaign for 
Better Homes in America endorsed and encouraged by Fed¬ 
eral and State officials and by prominent men in public life as 
set forth in this Plan Book. 

T HE following plan has been prepared to give practical help 
to citizens of any community organizing for a Better Homes in 
America Demonstration Week, October 9th to 14th, 1922. 

The Campaign in each community centers about a Better Home 
—completely equipped, furnished and decorated, in accordance with 
approved modern practice, and placed on exhibition during Demon¬ 
stration Week. 

Better Homes exhibitions have already been held, but now 
for the first time a national organization, endorsed and supported 
by the President of the United States and other Federal and State 

[ 11 ] 




officials, is prepared to give practical help to every community wish¬ 
ing to share in the Better Homes in America movement. 

The community which exhibits a Better Home during Demon¬ 
stration Week will be given a powerful impetus for good. Every 
civic interest, every business and industry will be favorably affected. 
A Better Homes demonstration is a stimulus to better living, civic 
pride and community morale. It encourages thrift and industry. 
It develops a higher standard of taste. It means a better com¬ 
munity in every way. This has been proved by the experience of 
many communities which have held successful exhibitions. They 
have ranged from cities as large as Cleveland, Milwaukee, Colum¬ 
bus, Kansas City and Dayton to villages of a few hundred popula¬ 
tion. In every case where the demonstration has been properly 
organized lasting benefits have followed. 

Follow the Plan 

The National Advisory Council of Better Homes in America, 
through its Bureau of Information, has made a thorough investiga¬ 
tion of previous exhibitions of this character. 

This investigation has shown clearly that when the local organ¬ 
izations proceed in the right way a Better Homes demonstration 
may easily be made a great success. Causes of trouble as well as 
of success have been analyzed to bring out the methods that should 
be avoided. The Advisory Council, therefore, is in a position to 
recommend plans that have stood the test of practical experience. 

With Federal and State governments endorsing and encourag¬ 
ing this Plan of educating the people to Better Homes in America, 
the conduct of local demonstrations is given tremendous impetus 
and support. And with the suggestions and the Plan for conducting 
such demonstrations herewith presented, any community may con¬ 
fidently undertake the production of a Better Homes Exhibition 
during Demonstration Week, October 9th to 14th, 1922. 

A comparatively few energetic and capable women, with the 
support of local civic organizations, can effectively put into practice 
the ideas and plans with which they will be supplied by the Bureau 
of Information. The expense of a Better Home demonstration 
need not be great; in some communities it may be kept as low as 
$25.00. Builders, merchants and prominent citizens will combine 
to supply the Model Better Home, and to furnish it. Civic or¬ 
ganizations and newspapers will cooperate to interest the public. 

The most successful demonstrations have been so managed as 
to impress upon visitors that they were not selfish enterprises, in¬ 
tended to help special interests, particular firms or individuals. 
They have been so conducted as to benefit every line of business 

[ 12 ] 


and to help the community as a whole. Neither the name of the 
builder or owner of the home exhibited, nor the name of any person 
or business firm furnishing any portion of the exhibit, is permitted 
to be displayed. 

The motive behind the demonstration is primarily educational. 

How to Form a General Committee for Better 
Homes Demonstration Week 

A Better Homes Demonstration should be organized and di¬ 
rected by a disinterested group of prominent women, working from 
motives of public service. This group should be formed of a 
Chairman and a General Committee of from four to seven mem¬ 
bers, depending upon the size of the community. 

Each member of the General Committee is Chairman of one or 
more sub-committees as outlined later in this Plan. 

The Chairman of the General Committee is appointed through 
the National Advisory Council of Better Homes in America. She 
appoints the members of the local General Committee. They in 
turn appoint the members of the Sub-committees. In the case of 
the Sub-committees it is particularly important that appointments 
should be made with the knowledge and approval of the local civic 
and commercial interests whose co-operation is desired. Detailed 
suggestions for procedure are outlined later. 

The duties of the members of the General Committee fit natur¬ 
ally into the following arrangement of Sub-committees with a mem¬ 
ber of the General Committee as Chairman of each Sub-committee: 

(1) Sub-committee on Advertising and Publicity. 

(2) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home. 

(3) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration Home. 

(4) Sub-committee on Furnishing and Decorating. 

(5) Sub-committee on Reception of Visitors and Management 
of Home. 

(6) Sub-committee on Program of Events. 

(7) Sub-committee on Budget for Demonstration Week. 

Where the size of the community makes it desirable to have a 

General Committee of only four members, some such distribution 
of the Sub-committees as this is recommended: 

(1) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading 

(a) Sub-committee on Advertising and Publicity; and 

(b) Sub-committee on Progress of Events. 

(2) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading 
(a) Sub-committee on Equipment of Demonstration 

Home; and 


[ 13 ] 


(b) Sub-committee on Furnishing and Decorating. 

(3) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading 

(a) Sub-committee on Selection of Demonstration Home; 
and 

(b) Sub-committee. on Reception of Visitors and Man¬ 
agement of Home. 

(4) Chairman (a member of the General Committee) heading 
(a) Sub-committee on Budget for Demonstration Week. 

How To Secure Patrons for Better Homes 
Demonstration; Full Co-operation of 
All Focal Interests Essential 

Following the organization of the General Committee, the first 
duty of its Chairman should be the arrangement for meetings of 
the Committee—or its individual members—with the various City 
Officials, and Civic and Commercial Organizations in the com¬ 
munity, to explain the Plan for a Better Homes Demonstration and 
to secure their endorsement and active support. 

Those endorsing and supporting the Demonstration may be 
known as Patrons and should comprise the following: 


The Mayor 

Commissioner of Education 

(or Superintendent of Public 
School) 

Publishers or Owners of Local 
Newspapers 

Presidents of Important Wom¬ 
en’s Clubs 

President of Chamber of Com¬ 
merce 


Agricultural Home Bureau, etc. 
President of Real Estate Board 
President of Rotary Club 
President of Kiwanis Club 
Presidents of Building & Loan 
Associations. 

Presidents of other Business or 
Trade Associations related to 
the Home Building and 
Furnishing Industries. 


Churches should also be asked to support the movement. 

Additional Patrons may properly be selected from prominent 
citizens of the community, who are noted for their public spirit 
and are not included in the above list. 

The two essentials for a successful Better Homes in America 
Demonstration are genuine co-operation from all local civic, 
financial, commercial and educational interests, and full and ex¬ 
tensive publicity through the local newspapers. From the young¬ 
est boy or girl scout to bank president, business man, school teacher, 
minister, manufacturer and city official, everybody in a community 
should have a real personal interest in the Demonstration. When 

[ 14 ] 


the benefits of a successful Better Homes Demonstration are once 
understood this interest is readily aroused. 

Investigation of successful exhibitions in Kansas City, Indian¬ 
apolis, Cleveland and elsewhere proved conclusively that the co¬ 
operation of all local interests was the biggest single factor of 
success. 


How to Form Sub-Co?nmittees 

It is important to appoint as Chairman of each Sub-committee 
a member of the General Committee who is particularly fitted to 
the specific work assigned to her Sub-committee. The special abili¬ 
ties of the members of the General Committee should be taken into 
careful consideration and so used in the arrangement of the Sub¬ 
committees as to secure the best and quickest results. 

The formation of Sub-committees is necessary not only to di¬ 
vide the work effectively, but also to arouse the interest and co¬ 
operation of the various local interests directly affected by home 
building and home betterment. All the local business groups— 
furniture dealers, hardware dealers, wall-paper and paint dealers, 
electrical dealers, real estate dealers, etc.—should be interviewed 
and asked to nominate a representative from each group to serve 
on the appropriate Sub-committee. In this way the appearance of 
favoring special interests will be avoided and the fullest co-opera¬ 
tion secured. 

It may be well to stress here that the Chairman of the General 
Committee should not become immersed in the details of the Sub¬ 
committees’ work. She establishes a point of contact and a clearing 
house for all Sub-committees and directs the Better Homes Demon¬ 
stration as a whole, but not in detail. Neither should the Chairman 
of a Sub-committee attempt to enter into details of the work of 
other Sub-committees not under her direction. The Chairman of 
each Sub-committee is responsible to the Chairman of the General 
Committee, and to her alone. 

Suggestions for the formation and activities of the various 
Sub-committees are given in the following: 

/—How to Form Sub-Committee on Budget for 
Demonstration IVzek 

A member of the General Committee is the Chairman. 

This Sub-committee should be made up of prominent citizens, 
representing both the financial and mercantile interests of the com¬ 
munity. It would be appropriate to secure a Bank Cashier, who is 
accustomed to keeping accurate records of receipts and expenses, 

[ 15 ] 


to act as Vice-chairman of the Sub-committee. He may also act 
as Treasurer of the General Committee. This committee should 
have charge not only of the securing of the modest expense fund 
necessary for Demonstration Week, but also of the recording of 
facts and figures regarding the operation of the Demonstration 
Home, and the results obtained. Such a record will be exceedingly 
useful to the local General Committee as well as the National Ad¬ 
visory Council. Accurate figures on the local Better Homes Demon¬ 
strations will be invaluable in continuing the Better Homes in 
America Campaign, and arrangements have been made for prizes 
to be given to those Committees submitting the best reports and 
records of successful demonstrations. 

Suggestions for the Sub-Committee 

There will be certain general expenses incurred in conducting a Better 
Homes Demonstration. These general expenses may range from $25 to $500 
or more, depending upon the size of the committee and the extensiveness and 
completeness of the Demonstration. 

Some of the items of expense which may be incurred are: insurance of 
borrowed property; special advertising in the form of street signs, window 
cards and posters; printing; prizes for contests; lecturers, and, possibly, special 
forms of entertainment. 

In many communities where Demonstrations have been held, the small 
contributions necessary have been readily volunteered by the various organ¬ 
izations, business firms or individuals directly interested in the financing and 
furnishing of homes. Contributions may be secured from bankers, stores, 
public utilities, real estate dealers, building material dealers, insurance men, 
etc. The amounts contributed by the various interests should be carefullly 
apportioned and only a sufficient sum collected to pay the actual expenses of 
the Demonstration. 

In Dayton and other cities it was found that volunteer contributions were 
readily made by manufacturers of, or dealers in, trade-marked articles, such as 
pianos, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, electrical equipment, etc. As these 
articles, because of the trade name affixed, received special advertising in the 
Demonstration Home, it was considered proper to accept contributions from 
the dealers. The selection of trade-marked articles which may be shown in 
a Demonstration Home should be made in a disinterested manner by the Sub¬ 
committee on Equipment. 

2—How to Form Sub-Committee on Advertising 
and Publicity 

A member of the General Committee is Chairman. 

The success of the Demonstration rests largely upon the 
thoroughness with which this Committee does its work. It should, 
therefore, be composed of all of the Publishers or Advertising Man¬ 
agers of local Newspapers, and the Advertising Managers of De- 

[161 


partment Stores and other large business houses. The fullest co¬ 
operation should be secured from all the local publishing and ad¬ 
vertising interests. 

Local newspapers will gladly aid a Better Homes Demonstra¬ 
tion, for such an exhibition presents unusual opportunities for sell¬ 
ing advertising space to local merchants. In some of the cities 
where Demonstrations have been held, the newspapers have brought 
out large special editions carrying a great amount of local adver¬ 
tising, and filled with interesting and instructive reading matter 
regarding home building and home betterment. 


Suggestions for the Sub-Committee 

The campaign publicity should commence with an announcement of the 
organization of the General Committee and the selection of Patrons. It should 
be continued, in advance of the opening of the Demonstration Home, by the 
use of reading matter descriptive of home planning, furnishing, decoration 
and equipment. 

The local newspapers should co-operate with the Sub-committee in seeing 
that advertisements of exhibitors during the demonstration week do net men¬ 
tion the fact that the advertiser is an exhibitor. This, of course, should not 
preclude the general advertising of goeds suitable for the equipment or furnish¬ 
ing of Better Homes. This regulation is in line with the non-commercial policy 
of the campaign, and merchants will readily understand its fairness. 

This Sub-committee should provide painted signs announcing the location 
of the Exhibition Home. These signs should be placed at neighboring street 
intersections. Signs in the form of arrow pointers should be tacked on tele¬ 
phone poles in all parts of the city pointing in the direction of the Demonstra¬ 
tion Home and announcing its exact location. 

Automobile Pesters or Banners for the cars of the members of the Com¬ 
mittee may be furnished by local sign painters or printers. 

The Committee should also see that show cards advertising the Demon¬ 
stration are properly distributed and displayed in store windows and that 
posters are put up in suitable public places. 

Show cards, posters and stickers bearing the imprint of the Better Homes 
in America campaign, with space left for local announcements, may be ob¬ 
tained by application to the Bureau of Information, The Delineator, 223 
Spring Street, New York City, Secretary, Mrs. William Brown Meloney. 

A circular descriptive of the show cards, posters and stickers may also 
be obtained through the Bureau of Information, which has arranged tO' have 
this advertising display matter prepared for the use of local Committees. It 
is strongly recommended that these posters and cards be used in order to 
standardize the various local Demonstrations. 

The stickers should be widely distributed among local merchants for use 
on city mail during the week preceding and the week of the campaign. 

Small electrotypes of the Better Homes in America campaign insignia, 
or trade-mark, may be obtained through the Bureau of Information for use on 
printed matter and in newspapers. They are shown in the circular descriptive 
of the advertising display material. 

[17 1 


j—How to Form Sub-Committee on Selection of 
Demonstration Home 

A member of the General Committee is Chairman. 

The selection of the home to be used for the Demonstration 
should be made by a disinterested committee. Experience has shown 
that this is the only satisfactory method, as all personal interests 
are thus eliminated and criticism avoided. 

Previous experience also indicates that this Sub-committee, with 
a member of the General Committee as Chairman, of course, should 
be composed of the President of the local Real Estate Board (if 
there is one in the community), a representative of the Chamber 
of Commerce or Merchants Association, a representative architect, 
and a representative of the Building Material Dealers. Here again 
is illustrated the importance of securing the full co-operation of the 
various groups of business men directly affected by home building 
and owning. These groups should be interviewed and each group 
asked to appoint its representative on this committee. When the 
National campaign for Better Homes in America } and the Plan 
as outlined here, have been clearly explained to these interests, a Sub¬ 
committee for selecting the Demonstration Home may be organized, 
which will act disinterestedly and effectively. 

Suggestions for the Sub-Committee 

The three cardinal principles to be observed in the selection of a Demon¬ 
stration Home are: first, situation with respect to accessibility and nearness 
to street car lines; second, type of architecture; and third, cost. 

A Demonstration Home should be situated within a reasonable distance of 
the business section of a community, and it should not be more than four blocks 
from the nearest street car line. In a city where the Demonstration Home 
was selected some eight blocks from the car line and upon a hill, the attendance 
was disappointingly small. The Demonstration Heme should not be situated in 
the outskirts of a community. This was found to be a disadvantage in a city 
where a Demonstration Home was selected in a new, partially developed 
suburb, some distance from the city limits. 

An extreme type of architecture should be avoided in a Demonstration 
Home. 

With respect to the cost of the home selected, it has been shown in a num¬ 
ber of cities that a house priced slightly above the average cost of homes in the 
community attracted the larger number of visitors. The public apparently 
likes to visit a home costing more than the average, because of a desire to see 
and admire better things. Demonstration Homes, therefore, may range in 
price from $5,000 to $15,000, including the land, but not including the 
furnishings and equipment. 

Other essentials of an ideal home for demonstration purposes are fully out¬ 
lined in an article prepared by direction of Secretary of Commerce Hoover and 
included in this Plan Book on pages 7 and 8. 

[181 


The builder or owner of the Home selected should be willing to loan it 
to the General Committee for the Demonstration Week, without charge. He 
should also be willing to landscape the grounds, decorate the walls and carry 
all insurance and damage risks. This has been gladly done by builders in 
Syracuse, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Kansas City and elsewhere. There is no 
better selling method for homes than that of putting on display a completely 
furnished and equipped home. 

If the entire plan of campaign is explained to the builder or owner of a 
suitable home, and the advantages of indirect selling methods are pointed out 
to him, his co-operaticn will be readily secured. 

The name of the builder or owner is not to be displayed on the Demon¬ 
stration Home in any manner, shape or form, nor is his name to be carried 
in any of the advertising during the campaign. 

This will do away with all appearance of favoritism in the choice of the 
house to be used. It is proper, however, to insert a reading notice in the news¬ 
papers announcing the selection of the Demonstration Home and giving the 
name of the owner or builder. No further reference should be made to him 
in any of the advertising matter during Demonstration Week, though the 
attendants in the home may properly give his name to any person inquiring 
for it. 

/f—How to Form Sub-Committee on Fquipment 
of Demonstration Home 

A member of the General Committee is Chairman. 

The selection and installation of all practicable labor-saving 
devices and appliances in the Demonstration Home is left to 
this Sub-committee. It should be composed of representatives of 
dealers in home equipment, architects, builders, and, if possible, a 
Home Demonstration agent of the Agricultural Department. (See 
announcement of special co-operation of Department of Agriculture 
by Secretary Wallace on page 9). 

Suggestions for Sub-Committee 

On pages 47-49 will be found a statement of the best modern 
practise in the equipment of a home permitting the most efficient 
and economical housekeeping. 

It is probable that many communities will be unable to equip 
the Demonstration Home completely, in accordance with the stand¬ 
ards laid down. So far as practicable these suggestions should be 
followed, but local conditions and the stock of equipment carried by 
local dealers may require some modifications in detail. 

5 -_ How to Form Sub-Committee on Furnishing 

and Decorating 

A member of the General Committee is Chairman. 

[191 


In the selection of this Sub-committee the greatest care must be 
taken to secure the co-operation of all the business firms and in¬ 
dividuals concerned in the furnishing and decorating of homes. 
Each group—furniture dealers, hardware dealers, paint and wall¬ 
paper dealers, department stores (if any), decorators (if any), 
art and book stores—should be interviewed on this important sub¬ 
ject and asked to appoint representatives to serve on this Sub¬ 
committee. 


Suggestions for Sub-Committee 

In order to maintain the non-commercial aspect of Demonstration Week, 
no exhibitor’s name should be displayed on any article shown in the Demon¬ 
stration Home. No price tags should be permitted on any article. In this way 
all appearance of commercialism is avoided. This feature will appeal to the 
fair and broad-minded merchant and will secure the enthusiastic support of 
all the merchants in the community, no matter how small their business may be. 

The attendants at the Home, in response to inquiries as to where certain 
articles may be secured, should be instructed to reply that they may be had 
from the inquirer’s own dealer or from any dealer in the city. 

In Dayton this non-commercial plan was wonderfully successful. 

In communities where suitable furnishings and decorations are not obtain¬ 
able from the local stores they may be borrowed from public spirited citizens, 
who have such articles as are adapted to the scheme of decoration and furnish¬ 
ing. For the guidance of the Sub-committee, which may not include expert 
decorators or furnishers as members, practical suggestions on good furnishing 
and decorating have been s-t forth on pages 30-42 of this Plan Book. These 
suggestions will undoubtedly prove helpful in assembling the furnishings and 
decorations for a Demonstration Home. If more detailed information is re¬ 
quired, write to the Bureau of Information, The Delineator, 223 Spring Street, 
New York City, Secretary, Mrs. William Brown Meloney. 

In all cases the basement of the Demonstration Home should be very care¬ 
fully arranged, equipped and prepared for exhibition. 

The furnishing of the Demonstration Home should include well-selected, 
standard home literature and reference books, properly arranged in book-cases 
or on shelves. A printed list of this selected library may be supplied for dis¬ 
tribution to the visitors. 

6—How to Form Sub-Committee on Management 
and Reception 

A member of the General Committee is Chairman. 

The members of this Sub-committee should be selected for their 
ability to manage the Demonstration Home and to receive and 
care for the visitors. It may be composed of representatives of 
the various women’s organizations in the city. 

In order to insure the keeping of accurate records of attendance, 
one or more bank tellers should be members of the Sub-committee 

This Sub-committee is to provide the attendants at the Demon- 

[201 


stration Home and to handle the visitors in such a way as to avoid 
confusion and damage. It should also keep an accurate record of 
attendance, of interesting inquiries and the general results. It should 
report in detail to the Budget Committee, so that the General Com¬ 
mittee may have an opportunity to compete for the prizes offered 
for the best report of a successful Demonstration. 


Suggestions for the Sub-Committee 

During the hours of exhibition the Demonstration Home should be in 
charge of a capable woman of suitable personality. This may be a volunteer, 
or a paid worker, for the entire week, or several volunteer workers may under¬ 
take the management of the Home, having definite days of attendance assigned 
to them. 

The hours of exhibition should be from i :oo to 10:00 p.m. continuously. 
It has been found in exhibitions that the home need not be kept open during 
the morning hours. During this period it may be cleaned and placed in readi¬ 
ness for visitors. 

An attendant for the bedrooms and two' attendants for the first floor—one 
in the hall or living room and the other in the dining room and kitchen—will 
be required to direct and control the visitors and to keep the house in perfect 
order during the exhibition hours. These attendants may be club or commit¬ 
tee members who volunteer their services for certain days in the week. 

It has been noted in several exhibitions that visitors usually congregate at 
certain hours in the afternoon and evening, and frequently overcrowd upon 
the lawns. It is necessary, therefore, to erect light guard rails along the side¬ 
walk leading from the street to the house. And it may sometimes be necessary 
to have an outside attendant who will keep the visitors in an orderly line of en¬ 
trance. This is work that may very well be performed by Boy Scouts. 

During times of congestion visitors should be taken through the house in 
groups not to exceed fifteen in number. They should be conducted through the 
rooms in an orderly manner by the attendants. In some cases it has been found 
advisable to send the visitors to the second floor first, so that they may depart 
through the kitchen after inspecting the first floor and basement. Girl Scouts 
may be used for conducting the visitors through the home. 

A careful check on the attendance at the Demonstration Home should be 
kept. This can best be done by assigning a Boy or Girl Scout to count the visi¬ 
tors as they enter the home and keep an accurate tally, which should be re¬ 
ported to the manager in charge. In some cities it has been found that a list 
of visitors to the home may be readily obtained by having them register upon a 
numbered card, which can be used for a drawing contest—a prize being 
awarded to the lucky number. In smaller communities where the attendance 
will not be large at any one time the names of visitors may be kept in a 
small register or list book. 

y _ How to Form Sub-Committee on Program of 

Events 

A member of the General Committee is Chairman. 

This Sub-committee should be composed of persons who are 

[211 


particularly capable in arranging programs of entertainment, and 
may be selected from members of the Board of Education, School 
Principals and Teachers, Theatrical and Moving Picture Managers, 
Community and Song Leaders, etc. 

The Following Events Are Suggested 

1— Sermons, Addresses and Sunday School talks in all churches on the 
Sunday preceding the opening of the exhibition. 

2— Color slides relating to home owning, home management, home furnish¬ 
ing and decoration to be shown in moving picture houses. 

3— Four-Minute Talks on thrift, home owning, home financing, home fur¬ 
nishing, home decoration, etc., in all moving picture houses. 

4— Block Parties in front of the Demonstration Home. Lights for the 
block party may be supplied from the headlights and searchlights of 
automobiles properly arranged. 

5— Window Dressing Contests for hardware merchants, house furnishing 
merchants, department stores, etc. 

6— Erection of Miniature Home, suitable for a girl’s playhouse, on Public 
Square—this playhouse may be given as first prize to the girl of school 
age writing the best essay on “Why You Should Own Your Home.” 

7— Showing special Better Homes films in all moving picture houses. (See 
special announcement on page 24.) 

8— Prizes for the best example of a Model Kitchen in the community. 

9— Cooking Demonstrations by Home Demonstration Agent, or some well- 
known local cook, High School or Normal School student. 

10— Singing by Choir or Quartette on porch of Demonstration Home each 
evening at about 7130 and 8 :oo o’clock. 

11— (a) Guessing contest as to how many visitors enter Demonstration 
Home. 

11— (b)Prize for best essay by a boy on Home Owning. 

(c) Prize for best essay by a girl on Home Equipment or Furnishing. 

(d) Prize for best landscape design for Small Home by High School 
or Art student. 

12— Radio Program at Demonstration Home, or elsewhere in the city. 

13— Lectures on Home Equipment, Decoration or Furnishing by experts, in 
local auditorium. It has been found that admission to these lectures 
may be charged, to help defray the expense of lecturers. 

Lecture Courses and Lectures 

Lectures on Home Building, Furnishing, Decoration and allied 
subjects have been found to attract large audiences in cities where 
they have been given under the auspices of local organizations. Un¬ 
doubtedly many communities co-operating in the Better Homes in 
America Demonstration Week, October 9th to 14th, will desire to 
include in their program of events lectures on Better Homes 
subjects. 


[ 22 ] 


Better Homes in ^America 


bureau of Information 

The 'Delineator 

223 Spring Street , New York City 

Secretary , Mrs. WILLIAM BROWN MELONEY 
HE Bureau of Information has been established to support 



and co-ordinate the work of local Better Homes in America 


committees. 

Additional copies of this Plan Book may be obtained from the 
Bureau of Information. 

Other data and material will be supplied as indicated in the 
Plan Book. 

Bulletins will be sent out from time to time to keep local com¬ 
mittees posted on the national development of the Better Homes 
in America campaign. 

In the following pages of the Plan Book are special articles 
prepared by governmental and other authorities on various phases 
of home building, equipment, decorating, sanitation, etc. The 
Bureau of Information will either answer inquiries in regard to any 
of these special articles or, when necessary, will refer the questions 
to the authors of the articles. 


[23 1 


Motion Picture Producers & Distributors of America, Inc. 

522 Fifth Avenue 
New York City 

Witx II.Hays 

, PRESIDENT 

Courti.and Smith telephone 

SECRETARY VANOCRBILT 2110 


July 19, 1922 

Mrs. W. B. Meloney, 

233 Spring Street, 

New York City. 

My dear Mrs. Meloney: 

I am immensely interested in the Better Homes 
Campaign. This is something that the motion picture indus¬ 
try should be interested in and I am sure that they will want 
to be. 


I would like to help you to have available for 
your Better Homes week, October 9-14, pictures that would 
show clearly just what the modern home should be. 

I am glad that the Better Homes Council has 
had such an encouraging response from the governors of 
the various states and from the women of this country. 
Certainly it is a matter to which all of us should give 
our very best. It will have an enduring influence on the 
lives of our people and it is one of the most creditable 
movements that I know of. 

I have a little home in Sullivan, Indiana, that 
we are most anxious to equip in just exactly the best way, 
and I am as much interested as any one could be in learning 
how this should be done, so I am looking forward to October 
9-14 with much interest. 

With best wishes always, I am. 

Sincerely yours. 



[24 1 



Essentials for Demonstration Home 

Suggestions on Buildings and Grounds 

By John Ihlder 


DIRECTOR, HOUSING CONDITIONS, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE 
UNITED STATES 

D IFFERENT parts of the country have quite distinct types of 
one-family dwellings. The best, unquestionably, is the de¬ 
tached house with adequate yard space on all four sides; the house 
which gets sun and air no matter which way it faces or what the 
direction of the prevailing breeze; the house whose yard makes it 
possible for the family, and especially for the children, to live much 
in the open. But, though this is the best type, it may prove imprac¬ 
ticable for people of moderate means in communities where past 
practice has resulted in crowding the land to such an extent that 
group or row houses have become the standard. 

Whatever the type of house, however, there are certain funda¬ 
mentals of an essentially good house. The exhibition house should, 
as far as possible, embody these fundamentals as given below. 

Open Space Belonging to the House 

If the house is of the detached type (open on all four sides) it 
should have a lot wide enough to permit fifteen feet of yard space on 
each side. Then it is protected from any danger of side windows 
being darkened and air cut off by any building which is per¬ 
missible in a one-family house residence district (see Zoning and 
What it Means to the Home). Where there are no zoning regula¬ 
tions to give protection, even fifteen feet of side yard will not pre¬ 
vent injury from a tall apartment house or commercial building. 

Under no circumstances should the demonstration house, if of 
the detached type, have less than ten feet of side yard. If no de¬ 
tached house with ten feet or more (preferably fifteen feet or a little 
more) of side yard can be secured, then seek a house of another type. 

Next in order of excellence is the semi-detached house (twin— 
two houses side by side with a party wall). The single side yard of 
this house should be fifteen feet wide and never less than ten feet. 

[ 25 ] 


Next in order is the group house, or the row house. The row 
house may be a perfectly good house if it is wide enough in pro¬ 
portion to its depth so that there may be adequate open spaces before 
every window, and if it is so planned as to take full advantage of 
these open spaces. Moreover a row of houses may be so designed— 
perhaps as one unit so far as the front elevation is concerned—that 
they will be very attractive in appearance. A wide, row house (18 
to 20 feet or more), properly planned, is much better to live in 
than a detached or a semi-detached house whose side yards are so 
narrow that they do not give adequate light and air to middle 
rooms. 

The really good house is bright and airy. Consequently the 
demonstration house should be set back from the street and its 
front yard should be deep enough not only to assure privacy from 
the street, but also to permit at least a well sodded grass plot. 

The rear yard will, of course, extend across the whole lot. Or 
the rear yard may be ioo feet deep. But in this connection, it is 
necessary to bear in mind that a yard may be too large as well as 
too small. It must fit in with the house, and some account must be 
taken of the probable habits of its occupants. A family which has 
no servants, and in which the breadwinner works long hours away 
from home, may find a large yard a burden unless some member is 
an enthusiastic gardener. Lacking this gardener the back of a deep 
yard is likely to become a dump-heap. 


The House Itself 

Given adequate open space as described above there are certain 
essentials in the house itself. 


Construction 

A house is, or should be, an investment. Therefore it should be 
honestly constructed. One of the most important lessons for the 
home buyer to learn is that the initial cost of a house is not its full 
cost. It pays well to spend a little more on purchase price if, 
thereby, repair bills and maintenance costs are kept down. And it 
pays not only in dollars and cents but in satisfaction as well, for the 
house that soon begins to go to pieces, that soon looks shabby, is 
quite the opposite of a “joy forever.” 

Consequently the demonstration house should be well built, and 
one of the most valuable parts of the demonstration should lie 
in pointing out by suitable placards its structural excellencies. Has 

[261 


the ground immediately outside the walls been drained so that water 
will not lie against these walls and gradually soak into them? Is 
the cellar well drained and dry; well lighted and ventilated? Is the 
foundation well built? Are the beams and joists heavy enough and 
of good material? Are the floors and woodwork of good material, 
well seasoned, and of good workmanship? Is the hardware (locks, 
hinges, lighting fixtures, etc.) strong enough to stand usage? Are 
the outside walls of good material—if of brick, of good quality with 
good quality mortar; if of frame, of good lumber, well seasoned and 
well painted with three coats of paint? What kind of sheathing is 
used? Is wood well seasoned? Is the roofing of a material adapted 
to the climate and of good quality? What material is used for 
flashing? 

Recently there has been some discussion of the heat-retaining 
quality of walls. It is advocated that openings which permit circu¬ 
lation of cold air between outer and inner walls shall be filled. This 
adds but little to the cost of building and in cold climates reduces 
materially the coal bill. Incidentally it also aids both in reducing 
the fire hazard and in rat proofing. For the latter, care must be 
taken that there are no unscreened openings through foundation 
walls into a cellar, and that all openings from the cellar to the space 
between outer and inner walls of stories above shall be filled with 
rat-proof material. 

Much attention is now being given to standardizing the parts 
of a house, both to reduce initial cost and to make replacement 
easier and less expensive. Are the doors, windows and other parts 
of the demonstration house of standard stock sizes? 


Light and Vzntilation 

Every room must have adequate window areas giving upon 
wide outdoor spaces. An interior room, or one poorly lighted from 
a narrow court, or receiving its only light from a wide porch, may not 
impress the visitor, who sees it only when the house is new and the 
room artificially lighted, but it does in time impress the family who 
inhabit it. Row houses are best when they are only two rooms deep 
from front to rear. If, however, an extension is built upon the rear 
of a row house, the court on one side of this extension, from which 
middle rooms are lighted, should be at least six feet wide for a two- 
story dwelling and seven feet for a three-story dwelling. If there is 
a front porch on a row house it should not extend clear across the 
front, darkening every window of the front ground-floor room, but 
should extend only part way, leaving one window free. This also 
adds to the value of the porch by giving it greater privacy, but of 

[ 27 ] 


course it necessitates a house at least 18 feet wide, if the porch is to 
be large enough to use as an outdoor sitting room for the whole 
family in warm weather. 

So far as practicable, each room should have at least two win¬ 
dows, and corner rooms should have windows in two walls. 

The rooms should be planned so that they may be opened into 
each other and the breeze permitted to sweep through. 

Privacy 

While the family is a unit, and a function of the house is to 
symbolize and emphasize family unity, there should, nevertheless, 
be provision for some individual privacy. The most elementary pro¬ 
vision, of course, is that there be at least three bedrooms—on the 
assumption that the normal family will contain both boys and girls. 
Consequently the demonstration house must contain not less than 
three bedrooms. But beyond this, the grouping of rooms possible 
in a two-story house (bedrooms and bath on the second floor, com¬ 
mon living rooms on the first floor) as against a one-story house, 
adds greatly to privacy. At the same time the two-story house is 
nearly always the more economical both to build and to operate, 
while one flight of stairs does not add appreciably to the house¬ 
wife’s work. With the kitchen, dining room, living room and a 
lavatory on the ground floor there is comparatively little need of 
running up and downstairs, even when there are young children 
in the family. A third story, an upstairs sitting room, no ground 
floor lavatory, do add appreciably to the amount of stair climbing. 

Stair climbing is reduced by having the laundry on the 
same floor as the kitchen instead of in the basement or cellar. 
Though it is the scene of greatest activity only one or two days a 
week, it is often used at other times, and often in connection with 
kitchen work. On the score that the number of steps is thereby 
reduced, laundry tubs may be placed in the kitchen; but against this 
must be balanced the annoyance, or worse, that comes from having 
the kitchen full of steam and all cluttered up with clothes in process 
of washing when meals must be prepared. Because of this many 
women prefer a separate laundry in an ell or extension opening off 
the kitchen. From the latitude of Philad'' 1 ~ 1 ' ! '' -'mth, this extension 
may be of light construction without danger of pipes freezing except 
in the coldest weather; and it is a simple matter to install a cut-off, 
so that these pipes may be emptied when not in use. 

Sanitation 

There should be a fully equipped bathroom on the bedroom 
floor and a toilet—preferably a wash bowl also—on the ground 

[ 28 ] 



floor. A toilet in the cellar is only a half-way measure. It does give 
an added convenience of very real value, especially when there are 
servants; but it is usually less accessible than the upstairs bathroom 
and, unless the cellar is unusually well lighted and ventilated—unless 
it is heated and unless its floor is high enough above the sewer to 
provide for the necessary slope of the soil pipe—it is very likely to 
become a nuisance. A sewer-connected toilet in the yard is only a 
step above the old-time privy vault. It is inaccessible in bad weather; 
after dark it is public; and it is likely to freeze. 


Suggestion for Furnishing and Decorat¬ 
ing the Demonstration Home 

Prepared by the Bureau of Information 

C HANGING an empty house into a furnished, restful place 
of beauty is no less a task than transforming a piece of paper 
into a lovely picture. In one sense, interior decoration is a creative 
art. It is true that decorators, or persons furnishing houses, do not 
weave their own hangings, build their own furniture, or design their 
own wall-paper, but they select the things they require from shops, 
where they have been designed by others, and choose in such a way 
as to make a beautiful and harmonious whole. 

Persons who must furnish a house for the occupancy of a family 
face four distinct problems: first, they must see that the things se¬ 
lected suit the house in size, coloring, and style; second, that the 
pieces selected are harmonious with each other, and that they are 
comfortable and well-made; third, that they suit the requirements 
of the family; and fourth, that they fit the family purse. 

Backgrounds 

The first requisite of a house is that it be restful; therefore, it is 
wise to use wall coverings that are plain in effect. Plain paints or 
tints, and wall-papers of a cloudy, all-over pattern, make the best 
backgrounds. 

When a room faces north, the best colors to use are the yellows, 
which might range from a cream color to a deep pumpkin yellow. 

In rooms that face south, it is possible to use light grays, which 
might range to a deep putty color; though it is possible in sunny 
rooms to use almost any color except those which might fade easily. 

The best way to treat rooms which have wide doorways con¬ 
necting them with other rooms is to have the walls of both rooms 
alike, preferably in some plain color. 

Floor Coverings 

Rugs and floor coverings should be several shades darker than 
the walls, and be either in plain colors or have a small or indefinite 
all-over design. Where walls are plain, the latter type of carpet 
should be used. When walls have on them any figured covering, 
plain carpet should be used. 


[ 30 ] 


Hangings 

The hangings for rooms which have plain wall coverings could 
be striped or figured, but in rooms where there is a figured wall cov¬ 
ering, the hangings should be in plain colors, taking the color scheme 
for these from the dominating color note in walls and carpet. 

Furnishings 

A good rule to follow in choosing furnishings is to avoid any¬ 
thing which strikes you as elaborate, or prominent. If a piece of 
furniture, carpet, or curtain material stands out in a shop, you may 
be quite certain that it will be even more noticeable in a house. 

A house can only be considered properly furnished when 
it meets the real needs of the occupants. Comfortable chairs, sofas, 
and beds, good tables, and soft carpets, make up the most impor¬ 
tant objects, and these should be the best that the family can af¬ 
ford. No definite rule can be applied to the arrangement of the fur¬ 
niture, but balance and wall space should be considered first. Where 
a single opening is placed in the center of the wall, or like openings 
at equal distances, the wall spaces will be in balance; in the case of 
unequal openings, the wall spaces will be out of balance. 

At balanced wall spaces, place pieces of furniture of relative 
size and contour. These may be tables, chairs, sofas, and pictures. 
Leave the more intimate and personal furniture, such as favorite 
chairs, sewing table, and foot stool, for a grouping at one side or in 
the center of the room. Lay all carpets and rugs parallel with the 
longest sides of the room. 

In a room with unbalanced wall spaces, place against the long¬ 
est spaces the largest pieces of furniture—the piano, the bookcase, 
the davenport—grouping perhaps a table, mirror, and chair against 
a smaller and opposite wall space. This permits the comfortable 
chairs, tables, lamps, and pottery to relieve the stiffness, allowing 
them to be grouped in the center of the room. 

Do not indulge in too many pictures, but select a few of interest 
and good quality. These few should be hung on a level with the 
average eye. Small pictures should be hung somewhat lower. 

Do not invest in many ornaments. A few bits of colored pot¬ 
tery, or some brass ware, is all that is required to strike a lively 
note. Place these so that they will balance other objects arranged 
on the same mantel or bookshelf. For example, a pair of brass 
candlesticks placed at either end of a mantel, with a pottery bowl, 
clock, or ornament in the center, strikes a balance. Never have a 
large jar on a small table or stand, or small ornaments on a large 

[311 


table. A good thing to remember is that ornaments decrease in 
value as they increase in number. 

In the following pages will be found suggestive lists of articles 
which the rooms in a Better Home might contain. For further as¬ 
sistance and more detail, write the Bureau of Information. 

Suggestions for Furnishing the Hall 

The first impression of a house and its occupants comes as one 
enters through the front door into the hall. Thus, nowhere in the 
entire house is it more important to strike the right keynote in fur- 


HALL 


A Modern Colonial Hall of good proportions and design, 
with the simple but necessary furnishings for convenience 
and welcome. 


nishing and decoration. If there is no closet in the hall for wraps 
and umbrellas, it will be necessary to have in some obscure corner 
a wooden strip painted the same color as the woodwork, in which 

[ 32 ] 


























are solid brass hooks, placed low enough so that the young members 
of the family can reach them. Also, for umbrellas, provide a plain 
pottery jar which will harmonize with the color scheme of walls 
and carpets. 

On the hall table have a card tray—brass if the hardware is 
brass—silver if the hardware is nickel or iron—and a medium¬ 
sized pottery vase in crackle ware, or some natural color. A hall 
lantern or scones would be in harmony with these furnishings, and 
have decorative value. 

A Suggested Color Scheme for the Hall 

Walls —Ivory paper or paint. 

Woodwork —Paint—dull finish. 

Floors —Hardwood—Stained antique oak, finished with wax or 
varnish. 

Floors —Softwood—Painted a deep yellow, or gray, or stained 
to represent hardwood. 

Floors —Linoleum—In a tile pattern of black and white, pro¬ 
vided the living room is not directly connected with the hall; in such 
case use only plain brown, grey, or Jaspe linoleum. 

Below is a Suggested List of Furnishings Which 
the Hall Might Contain 

A table —Of oak, mahogany, or walnut, either drop-leaf, gate- 
leg, or console. 

A mirror —Gilt, or to match the wood in the table, Early Amer¬ 
ican or English. 

A straight chair or two —With or without rush seats, enameled 
black, with stencil design, or to match the wood of the tables. 

A low-boy —Of mahogany or walnut, with drawers for gloves, 
string, etc. 

A large chest —Of oak or brass-trimmed mahogany, for over¬ 
shoes, etc. 

One or two rugs —May be Oriental in blues, browns, tans or 
black; or wool braided, in blues, browns, tans or black; or Wilton, 
in blues, browns, tans or black; or Axminster, in blues, browns, tans 
or black. 

A cocoa mat placed at front door. 

The Living Room 

As the living room is the gathering place for family and friends, 
it may well be considered the most important room in the house. 

[33] 


It should take its keynote for decoration from the hall. If there is 
a wide doorway connecting the living room with the hall, the color 
scheme should be the same. As the living room serves as library 
also, open book shelves, painted the same as the woodwork, are 
essential, and more substantial than book cases. 

The first requisite of such a room is that it shall be restful. 
Avoid using rocking chairs. Use little bric-a-brac. Nothing which 
does not contribute to the necessity and beauty of the room should 
be allowed. 

Tan or ivory is good in a room which is inclined to be dark, or 
gray and gray-green in a room inclined to be bright. 


A Suggested Color Scheme for Living Room 

Walls —Ivory, cream or gray—paper or paint. 

Woodwork —Ivory paint—dull finish. 

Floors —Hardwood—Stained antique oak with wax or varnish 
finish. 

Floors —Softwood—Painted a deep yellow or gray, or stained 
to represent hardwoods. 

A Suggested List of Furnishings for Living Room 

Table —Drop-leaf—in mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut; 
Gateleg—in mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut; Modern Chip¬ 
pendale—mahogany, weathered oak, or walnut, or Sheraton type of 
table. 

Sofa —Upholstered in either sage green or brown upholsterer’s 
velvet; blue, yellow, mauve satin or taffeta sofa cushions. 

Armchair —Overstuffed chair in indefinite striped upholsterer’s 
velvet in sage green; satin cushion in corn color. 

Armchair —Back and seat upholstered in brown like sofa—arms 
of mahogany. 

Desk —A reproduction of a Sheraton, Hepplewhite, or Early 
English Desk. 

Chair —Rush bottom—same wood as desk, or in dull black or 
sage green dull enamel, conventional stencil design. 

Wicker chair —Of brown or natural wicker, with printed linen 
cushions in floral pattern. 

Tilt table for cards or tea —Mahogany or walnut. 

Fireplace (If any)—A wood-box or basket; andirons and fire 
screen, hearth brush and tongs. 

A Reading Lamp —Sage green or black pottery base; an old 
gold colored paper shade, fluted or plain, top and bottom bound with 
sage green tape ribbon, or guimpe. 

[ 34 ] 


A Clock —In simple, plain design of wood, antique gilt, or 
leather. 

Footstool —Small ottoman, covered in black and yellow needle¬ 
work, or velvet same as sofa (brown). 

Waste paper basket —Small black wicker next to desk. 

Decorative Accessories —Green vase, gold luster bowl, mauve 
pottery piece; Desk appointments in dull brass, bronze, or leather; 
Book-ends—Library Shears. Match box and ash tray on table in 
brass or bronze. 

Carpet —One large or several small Orientals, or a Wilton, 
Axminster, or velvet in two tone of brown or tan, or in plain colors. 

Glass curtains —Cream, marquisette, cheese-cloth, or scrim, 
made plain. 

Overdraperies —(If desired)—Can be either printed linen, 
same as cushion in wicker chair, lined with sage green sateen, or 
brown or sage green poplin, silk damask or sunfast. 

Chairs —If the room is large enough, one or two chairs, chosen 
to correspond with those already in the room, may be added. 



Room 


The dining room should be one of the most cheerful and in¬ 
spiring rooms of the house. It is the place where the family gathers 
to enjoy meals together, and nothing insures a better start than 
having breakfast in a bright, cheerful room. 

If the dining room and living room are connected by wide door¬ 
ways, have the walls of both rooms alike. If they are connected by 
a small door, the walls may be in some light cloudy landscape paper, 
or in a small allover pattern in light cream, buff, gray, tan, or putty 
color. Because there is so much blue china, persons feel that they 
want blue dining rooms. This is a mistake, as blue used in large 
quantities in either walls, china, or hanging absorbs the light and 
makes a room gloomy. Do not display china or glassware in a 
so-called china closet. A built-in corner cupboard, or a small mahog¬ 
any or rosewood cabinet, which might hold rare bits of pottery and 
china, is permissible. It is far better to use the pantry shelves for 
china than to crowd it into a china closet. 

It is best to use a rug with small figures. The hangings should 
be in plain colors, taken from the predominating colors in the wall 
covering; or if the walls are the same as the living room, the hang¬ 
ings should be chosen from the predominating color in the living 
room. This will bring the rooms into perfect harmony, without 
having them just alike. 


[ 35 ] 


Suggested Color Scheme for Dining Room 

Walls —Ivory or cream, if closely connected with living room. 
A cloudy landscape, crepe, or cartridge paper in buffs, pale grays, 
fawn, or cream if closed off from living room. 



DINING ROOM 


This well-proportion dining room with its plain walls and figured floor cover¬ 
ing has a square mahogany table and eight chairs of the Georgian period. 

W oodwork —Ivory. 

Floors — Hardwood —Stained antique oak, with wax or varnish 
finish. 

Floors — Softwood —Painted a deep yellow or gray, or covered 
in plain brown, gray, or Jaspe linoleum. 

Suggestea List of Furniture for Dining Room 

Table —Round or square extension, or drop-leaf— six legs—in 
mahogany, walnut, weathered oak, or painted black, gray, or coco. 
Might be reproduction of Hepplewhite, Sheraton, or Georgian 
period. A glass, silver, or pottery bowl, containing flowers, on 
the table; plain ecru linen doilies. 

Chairs—8 chairs—Mahogany—Damask seats, Hepplewhite 
backs. Walnut—English linen seats, Sheraton backs. Weathered 

[361 


























Oak—Velvet seats, Queen Anne backs. Painted—Rush seats, or 
wooden seats, Windsor or straight backs. 

Sideboard —Low, broad, after Hepplewhite or Sheraton, a 
Welsh dresser with Windsor chairs. (Here keep either a few 
good pieces of silver with candlesticks on either end, or a large 
pottery bowl filled with fruit in the center, and candlesticks to match 
the bowl placed at either end, or some bits of red or yellow glass, 
but do not combine all three. Do not use delicate lace runners or 
doilies. Plain linen, or heavy real filet is far more effective. Dis¬ 
play no cut glass or hand-painted china.) 

Mirror or Mellow, dark-toned painting —Framed in antique 
gilt or to correspond with the wood of the furniture selected, and 
hung on level with the eye, directly in the center and over the side¬ 
board. 

Serving Table —To correspond with other furniture selected, 
and placed as near the kitchen door as possible. 

Here keep two or four silver or glass candlesticks which are 
used on the table at night, also a silver, mahogany, or wicker tray. 

Mirror —Queen Anne type—over serving table—especially if 
serving table is between two windows, it gives effect of space. 

Muffin stand —Especially for maidless house—of mahogany, 
walnut, or painted to correspond with furniture selected. 

Nest of Tables —Small, square, of either mahogany, walnut, or 
black lacquer, to be kept in a corner and used for tea parties, 
functions, etc. 

Rug—Large Oriental —In blues, yellows, browns, or old rose 
and black; Wilton—in blues, yellows, brown, or old rose, and 
black; Axminster—in blues, yellows, browns, or old rose, and black; 
Chenille or velvet, in plain colors. 

Curtains —Glass curtains to match living room, in either mar¬ 
quisette, cheese cloth, or scrim, made plain. 

Overdraperies —If desired, can be either like the living room, if 
rooms are in close proximity, or taken from the predominating color 
note of living room hangings if these are figured. 

With a cloudy or landscape paper, use plain poplin, rep, or 
sunfast, in warm tans, sage green, with bands of black or orange, 
or both, across the bottom; this would give character to the room. 

Uniformity in furniture chosen —Be sure in choosing your furni¬ 
ture that uniformity is observed as to period, wood, and type. For 
example, if a Sheraton sideboard in mahogany is selected, then the 
entire furniture of the dining room should be of the Sheraton type 
in mahogany. 


[ 37 ] 


Bedrooms 

The first requisite in furnishing a bedroom is that it appears 
crisp and clean. The walls, light in color, must be restful and 
simple in design. The woodwork should be white, if possible. 
Painted furniture is very popular for a bedroom because of its 
dainty appearance, but dull-finished mahogany or walnut in four post 
or Colonial design, with rag, braided, or hooked rugs, makes a 
charming bedroom. 

Place the bed where the sleeper will not be subject to strong 
light or cross drafts (see page 27 for proper ventilation). A 
dressing table is fashionable, but not as practical as a chest of 
drawers with mirror above. A full-length mirror installed in a 
closet door, or hung in a narrow wall space, is a very decided 
adjunct. Be sure to place the dressing table or chest of drawers 
where the light is not reflected from an opposite window. To 
secure a good view, the light should be directed upon the person to 
be reflected, and not upon the mirror. 

Avoid placing the furniture all on one side of the room. If pos¬ 
sible, intermingle high and low pieces to secure a proper balance. 
If one bed is used, be sure to place beside it a table on which should 
be a lamp, telephone, and small water bottle and glass. If two 
beds are used, place this table between the two beds. 

If the walls are plain in color, figured draperies and bedspreads 
can be used. If the walls have on them a small design, plain ma¬ 
terials for these purposes should be used. 


Suggested Color Scheme for Bedroom 

Walls —Corn colored cross-bar paper. 

Woodwork —White, dull finish, paint. 

Floors- — Hardwood —Stained antique oak, with wax or varnish 
finish. 

Floors — Softwood —Painted a deep yellow, or covered in plain 
brown, tan, or Jaspe linoleum. 

Suggested List of Furnishings for the Bedroom 

Bed —Full size, or twin beds—In mahogany, walnut, ivory 
paint, or enamel. Box or wire springs. Mattress and pillows. 

Bedspreads and bureau covers may be made of unbleached 
muslin, bound with wide bands of plain yellow, blue, and brown, 
these colors overlapping each other, or plain white swiss, dimity, 
or Marseilles. 

One high-boy, or high chest of drawers for man—In mahogany, 
[38] 


walnut, or painted. This piece should conform with or match other 
furniture in room. Brushes, comb, box for odds and ends, clothes 
brush. 

Mirror —Hung flat against the wall—in same wood as high-boy. 

One Dressing Table —or low chest of drawers—for lady—with 
mirror hung over the chest of drawers. May be in mahogany, wal¬ 
nut, or painted. With toilet articles in silver or tortoise shell, or 
ivory; pin cushion, scent bottles. The mirror may be of Queen Anne 
type in antique gilt, to correspond with woods used in room. 

Two straight back chairs —In mahogany, walnut, or painted, 
with plain wood, rush, or caned seats. 

Natural wicker arm chair —Sturdy type placed near window, 
with cushions of chintz or sateen to match the bedspreads. 

Small flat-top desk and chair —In either mahogany, walnut, or 
painted, to correspond with furniture. 

Supply with note paper, silver or brass ink-well, and blue 
feather pen. 

Small Sewing Table —Of Martha Washington design, or a 
Colonial type, in mahogany or rosewood. Place on it small lamp 
with base of wood, in brown or tan porcelain, and having a shade 
of blue silk lined with tan silk. 

A Chest —In either cedar, mahogany, or cretonne—covered, 
and placed under a window or in a corner for storage of summer 
or winter clothes. 

Rugs —Oriental in black, blues, or yellows, plain brown or tan 
carpet, made into a large rug, or wool braided, hooked, or heavy 
rag rugs, in black, blues, tans, browns. 

Small rugs should be placed near the bed, dressing table, and 
high-boy. 

Curtains —Glass curtains of scrim, marquisette, or cheese-cloth, 
to correspond with those of living room and dining room. 

Draperies —Draperies of either cretonne or muslin to match 
bedspreads, with bands of yellow, blue and brown sateen to corre¬ 
spond with bedspreads. 

Bedroom for Either Boys or Girls 

It has been proven that furnishings and color produce either de¬ 
sirable or disastrous effects upon the sensitive minds of children. 
As all children’s rooms are usually a combination of bedroom, play 
room, and study, it is well to keep in mind colors, design, arrange¬ 
ment, and practicality for all purposes. 

To most children, a spotty or too often repeated design is dis¬ 
tracting. Blues and violets soothe, while reds, yellows, and some¬ 
times greens are exciting and stimulating colors. 

[39] 


We so often send our children to study and amuse themselves in 
their room, but have we done our share in providing them with the 
comforts and necessities that will assist them to produce better 
school work? 

Boys —With no frills, light fabrics, or woodwork for them to 
soil and mar, their rooms still may be made interesting—even beau¬ 
tiful—but convenience and masculinity should be kept foremost in 
mind. 

Girls —A girl’s room, on the other hand, should be dainty, 
bright, and frivolous. Her personality, even at a very tender age, 
will clearly be disclosed by the way she cares for her room. There 
is no need of a great expenditure of money in buying furniture or 
hangings for a girl’s room. Some of the cheaper fabrics and 
simplest furniture will make the most charming room. 

BOYS' ROOMS 
A Suggested Color Scheme 

Walls —Buff-colored paint, or tinted walls. 

Woodwork —Stained mission oak or walnut. 

Floors —Hardwood floor, strips of coco matting, or wool- 
braided rugs. Softwood—a large square of linoleum. 

Suggested List of Furnishings 

Bed —Something of the day bed type. 

Bedspread of blue denim, with stitched bands of yellow sateen 
at edge. 

Chest of Drawers —Painted buff or brown, or walnut or mission 
oak. 

A Mirror —Antique gilt, or of wood to match chest of drawers, 
hung low. 

A Desk —Of the craftsman type, with stool or bench to match. 

Two Wooden Chairs —Either painted or of mission oak. 

A Table —Low, plain wooden table, of walnut, or stained to 
match the woodwork. 

One Comfortable Chair —Brown wicker, or the Windsor type. 

A Lamp —Of the student type, or on a bracket, securely fastened 
on the wall. 

A Tie Rack —Hung near chest of drawers. 

One or two shelves —Tor books, trophies, etc. Made of plain 
wood, stained to match the woodwork of a plain bookcase of mis¬ 
sion oak. 

Curtains —Of blue denim, with stitched bands of sateen at edge 
—hung straight. 


[401 


GIRLS' ROOMS 

A Suggested Color Scheme 

JValls —Papered in a soft gray-rose, allover design paper. 

Woodwork —Cream paint. 

Floor —Hardwood—Rag rugs, with rose stripes or a gray 
chenille carpet. Softwood—Battleship gray paint, with rag rugs or 
rose chenille carpet. 


Suggested List oj Furnishings 

Bed — Single —Painted ivory or cream— four post, or with some 
low, simple headboard. 

Bedspread of rose dotted swiss, with wide ruffle. 

A Dressing Table —To match bed, with rose colored sateen 
mats—bound in pale-gray with drawers. 

A Large Box —For waists, etc. Covered in rose and gray cre¬ 
tonne. 

A Desk —To correspond with painted furniture; a gray blotter 
and rose colored pen. 

Two Chairs —One of natural wicker with cushions of rose 
sateen, and one of wood to correspond with painted furniture, caned 
seat. 

A Sewing Table —Of mahogany or cherry. 

A Lamp —China base with a shade of silk, dotted swiss, or 
rose-colored paper. 


7 "he Nursery 

The ideal nursery is also a play room. It should, as nearly as 
possible, meet the ideals of the child’s own world. In that room 
are received early impressions which are never forgotten, and which 
have a lasting influence on the adult life. 

Don’t bedeck the cribs, beds, or curtains with ribbons and laces, 
and expect your child to be happy. The “don’ts” and “be carefuls’’ 
make children irritable and unhappy. Choose the room with a 
thought to sunlight, and be sure it has outside blinds which will 
darken the room without keeping out the air. 

The floor should be bare with the exception of one rug near the 
bed, or should be covered with a good grade of plain linoleum. 

The walls and woodwork should be painted, if possible, a cream 
or light gray. Some fairy tale friezes are attractive, and afford 
opportunities of introducing color, but, if used, should not be placed 
too high on the wall—about three-quarters of the way up from the 

[ 41 ] 


floor is a reasonable height. Child-study has taught that many and 
oft-repeated designs and subjects become meaningless, especially to 
older children. 

The furniture in the nursery should be practical. Painted furni¬ 
ture and wicker chairs are attractive. A comfortable winged or 
overstuffed chair for the grown-ups is essential. Low shelves and 
cupboards, built for toys and books, are necessary if the room is 
to be kept neat and tidy. A stationary blackboard, and a large 
box for books and cherished belongings, are very welcome additions. 

A Suggested Color Scheme for the Nursery 

Walls —A soft, misty, gray paint, tint, or plain paper. 

Woodwork —A dull white. 

Floors —Plain hardwood, with a rag or braided rug in sapphire 
blue—or softwood, entirely covered in taupe Jaspe linoleum. 

Below Is a Suggested List of Furnishings Which 
the Nursery Might Contain 

A Crib —White iron or wood, on ball bearing casters. 

Bedspread of yellow and white seersucker, or a silky yellow 
sunfast. 

A Tall Chest of Drawers —Painted cream or white, with plenty 
of drawers. 

Table —Low nursery table or tall one which has had its legs cut. 

Two Chairs —Low, with wooden seats, and painted to match 
the furniture. 

A Desk —Flat top with plenty of paper and pencils. 

Waste Paper Basket —White or natural wicker. 

One Large Fireside Chair —With slip cover of blue and yellow 
striped linen. 

Glass Curtains —Of best quality of cream colored cheesecloth, 
bound in yellow tape. 

Overdraperies (If desired)-—Of primrose yellow silk, or sun- 
fast, or striped yellow and blue linen to match slip cover. 

Clothes Rack —Low wooden rack, painted white, with at least 
four hooks. 

Closet —Should have a low pole on which could be hung plenty 
of hangers. Also a shelf about 6 inches from the floor for shoes, etc. 

Large Cushions for the floor—One each of blue, yellow, nile 
green and orange. 

Color Scheme —If you desire another color scheme, such as blue- 
and-white, or pink-and-white, write for information. 

[42] 


Model Kitchen 

Prepared by the Home Economics Bureau of the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture 

The first consideration in arranging kitchen equipment is to save 
steps and labor. The kitchen should be clean, odorless and at¬ 
tractive. 

Size —Not more than 120 square feet of working space for pre¬ 
paring food and washing dishes. More space when kitchen is used 
for laundry or has dining alcove. 

Ventilation —If no cross drafts are provided for, cut a transom 
over back door if possible and arrange window boards to allow 
ventilation through top and bottom of window. Is desirable to have 
hood installed over stove to carry off drafts. 

Lighting —Two or three windows desirable and a glass pane in 
kitchen door. If unavailable, increase light by having very pale 
walls and mirrors in dark corners. Artificial light should be from 
powerful burner hung from center of ceiling. Electric light should 
be indirect. Additional side lights should be added near sink and 
stove, unless they receive full light. 

Wall Coverings —(1) Commercial oil cloth wall covering; or 
(2) good oil enamel paint. Color—Light tones. On Southern 
exposure—pale gray, green or pale blue; on Northern exposure— 
buff walls with a deeper buff or tan woodwork are good. For very 
dark rooms—white. Avoid white in well lighted rooms because of 
glare. If natural color, woodwork should have two coats of water 
proof varnish; if painted, two coats of flat paint and one of enamel 
paint. 

Floor Coverings —If room has cement floors, provide rubber 
mats before sink, stove and cabinet to avoid foot strain. Otherwise, 
use linoleum slightly darker than walls and harmonizing or con¬ 
trasting in color; or any other surface easy to keep clean. 

List of Kitchen Fixtures 

The Kitchen should have the following equipment: 

Range —Coal, wood, gas, oil or electric. Good hood for 
ventilation is desirable. Height of all working surfaces depends 
upon height of woman who will work in kitchen. All working sur¬ 
faces including top of range should be as near the same height as 
possible. Height should be at least 32 inches, or more, if worker 
is tall. A label should state this fact. If coal range is the main 
one, have supplementary gas, electric or oil range. Gas range 
should have stove pipe from oven. 

[43] 


Sink —Sink should be large enough to accommodate both a 
washing and rinsing dish pan. Have large drain board on each side 
with raised edge or beading. It should either slope gradually to¬ 
ward sink or have sloping grooves. If only one drain board is 
provided, add an adjustable folding board. Bottom of sink should 
be at least 32 inches from floor. Sink should be placed under or 
near a window to insure coolness and view. 

Cabinet —White or colored enameled metal or natural wood 
finish with broad working shelf 32 inches from floor or higher ac¬ 
cording to height of worker. Shelves and bins for most commonly 
used supplies and utensils. If a cabinet with a good work shelf is 
not available an additional table near cabinet should be provided. 

Tables —One or two tables, porcelain, glass, enamel, or zinc 
topped. If none of these can be had, linoleum may be fitted with 
waterproof cement to a wooden table. It should be at least 32 
inches high. A table with drawers underneath and a swinging stool 
and space for knees is good. 

Cupboard —If there is no dining room pantry, a cupboard 
should be added for the china; if space permits, this should be added 
anyhow for less frequently used utensils and supplies. 

Stool —Stool, preferably white, should be of right height to 
allow sitting at table, work-shelf or sink. Add a plain chair if 
space permits. 

Refrigerator —A well insulated ice box, preferably white. Ice 
compartment should be at side or top. Straight easily cleaned drain 
pipe should attach to plumbing. If refrigerator is indoors a door 
for icing from the outside is desirable. 

Towel Rods —Wood or nickel with space for four or five dish 
towels. 

Hand Towel Rack —If only one person uses it, roller towel rack 
may be installed. Otherwise, paper toweling or individual hand 
towels hung on cup hooks near sink by loops on corners. 

Wall Clock —Simple, with clear figures. 

Housekeepers’ Rest Corner —If space permits, a comfortable 
chair, footrest and small table for books and sewing should occupy 
a little-used portion of the room, to permit rest and recreation 
while waiting for food to cook. 

Garbage Pail —Covered; with foot lever to raise cover without 
stooping; fireproof trash basket. 

Arrangement of Rquipment 

Sink, cabinet with broad working shelf and dish cabinet (if 
dishes are washed in kitchen) should be as close together as pos¬ 
sible without cramping passage room. Stove should be convenient 

[ 44 ] 


to, but slightly away from, work shelf for hot weather. An ideal 
arrangement is china cupboard at right of sink, cabinet with broad 
work shelf at left of sink and, in a narrow kitchen, range on oppo¬ 
site wall from sink across narrowest part of room; if range is far 
from any broad working surface a table should be very near range. 
All kitchen equipment, except range, should be as near as possible 
to dining room door. If no dining room pantry with sink is pro¬ 
vided, kitchen sink should be near dining room door. Range with 
supplementary range beside it should be so placed that full day light 
will light the oven. If stove is already installed in a dark place 
in exhibition house, move it into light, even though repiping and 
wiring may be required. Mirrors may be hung to throw additional 
light on range. If there is no good working shelf on cabinet, a table 
should be near cabinet for mixing food. There will then have t<p be 
a second table with a heat proof top near the stove unless stove is 
so near to cabinet that one table will serve both for mixing and 
setting hot utensils on. If possible, install a gas range, or an electric 
range if current is cheap enough to warrant. The range should, 
if possible, have an oven heat regulator. Where gas is unavailable 
and cost of electric current high, install a good oil stove with an 
oven. Refrigerator should be on porch or vestibule just outside 
kitchen door or should be in the kitchen near the back door away 
from the stove. If space permits, table next to refrigerator-is a 
convenience. An out-icer is. a convenience; in cold weather the ice 
compartment may be left empty and open for the air to cool the food. 

Dish towel and hand towel racks should be as near as possible 
to sink, high enough to be out of the way. The dish towel rack 
should be on side towards window for drying and airing. 

Wall clock should be within sight of stove without worker turn¬ 
ing around. Garbage pail and trash basket should be under sink. 
Stove should be near chief working surface; either table or cabinet. 

Decorations —Simple, easily washed curtains of gingham, striped 
calico or unbleached muslin with a colored tape border add to the 
attractiveness of the room. They should not obscure the light. If 
the windows are near working centers, curtains may be half length, 
that is, from top of window to center sash, and finished with a fringe. 

Smaller up-to-date equipment, such as a fireless cooker, a pres¬ 
sure cooker, utensils, electric whippers, cutlery, strainers and so on, 
should also be installed. Further information is given in another 
bulletin. 


The Kitchen as Laundry 

If the Kitchen is also used as Laundry, laundry equipment should 
be away from cooking equipment if possible. Two Tubs —well 

[ 45 ] 


lighted, tops 34 inches high, a Washing Machine run by whatever 
power the locality affords, preferably electricity. Washing Machine 
may have direct connection with plumbing, or good pipe hose 
should be provided for draining and filling machine. Copper lined 
Wash Boiler with spigot for emptying. Zinc Topped Table —on 
rollers, same height as top of stove, for carrying wash-boiler be¬ 
tween sink and stove. Ironing Board —If possible, board that folds 
into cupboard. Board should have its own support far enough in 
from ends to permit of putting garment over it. Clothes Basket 
—with Casters on Bottom. 

Iron —Electric Iron, or if electricity is unavailable, gas iron. 
Electric or hand Mangle for ironing. 

Have tubs, washing machine, ironing board and plug for elec¬ 
tric iron grouped together. 


[46 1 


The Equipment of the House 

H AVING a house that is structurally sound, well planned and 
with adequate yard space, the next question is its equipment. 
Equipment has to do with the operation, with the house work. On 
the one hand this is more or less determined by the size and plan 
of the building, on the other by the furnishing and decoration. A 
well planned house makes house work lighter; and furnishing and 
decoration which add unnecessarily to the number of things which 
must be cleaned or cared for, or heavy pieces which must be moved, 
add to the labor of house work. Nevertheless, equipment occupies 
a clear outfield of its own that calls for separate discussion. 

Heating 

Central Heating —Central heating preferred. May be hot air, 
steam, hot water, or vapor. Insulate heater and pipes. Large 
furnace water pan, or radiator waterpans, desirable. Select heat¬ 
ing system, using fuel most economical for your locality. Thermo¬ 
stat heat regulator installed in living room is desirable. Write 
placards describing why you selected this heating plant; why it is so 
well insulated; why large water pan or radiator water pans are 
important. 

Supplementary Heat —Open fireplace, Franklin stove or gas 
logs desirable in living room for beauty and comfort in spring and 
fall. 

Water Supply 

Should have running hot and cold water. If city water not 
available, should be pumped by power rams. Hot water boiler 
may be attached to coal range with auxiliary gas or oil heater for 
summer. Where gas rate is low, gas may be used alone. Automatic 
gas hot water heaters very desirable. 

Bathroom 

Size —Should be large enough for tub, basin, toilet, clothes- 
hamper, stool, medicine cabinet and towel cabinet. 

Floor —Should be most sanitary. Tile, stone or linoleums are 
the most sanitary. Small black and white pattern or light blue and 
white are good. A well-filled painted wood floor of battleship gray 
or colonial buff may be used. 


[ 47 ] 


Walls —Tile or plaster painted with two coats flat paint and one 
coat of enamel, or oil cloth wall covering. White, blue and cream 
are the best colors. 

Ventilation —Window board should be in window to allow top 
and bottom ventilation. An additional separate ventilator is de¬ 
sirable. 

Fixtures —Porcelain or enameled iron tub with hot and cold 
running water; shower with spray set at angle not to wet hair. 

Basin —Porcelain or enamel with hot and cold water. Toilet — 
porcelain, white enameled seat desirable. Medicine Cabinet with 
door and mirror over basin, shelves for shaving equipment, lotions, 
antiseptics, etc. Cupboard large enough to hold supply of towels, 
soap, toilet paper, and equipment for cleaning bathroom fixtures. 

Clothes hamper unless chute to bin near wash tubs is provided. 
Hamper should have white smooth surface. Enameled metal or 
wood desirable. 

Towel racks —A nickel or enameled wood rack for each member 
of family to keep towels separate. 

Miscellaneous fixtures —Two nickel or enameled metal soap 
racks, one beside basin and one beside or hooked to tub. Tooth 
brush rack to hold tooth brushes well separated. Toilet paper 
basket or rack. Individual mugs or glasses for each member of 
family. Shelf of glass or wood covered with oil cloth over basin. 

Stool —White enamel, preferably. Clothes hooks on back of 
door, or clothes tree. Sash curtains of white material, easy to 
launder. 

LAVATORY—It is well to have additional lavatory on ground 
floor to save steps. It should contain toilet, wash bowl, stool and 
fixtures for accessories. Should be as easy to clean and hygienic as 
bathroom. 



Electricity if possible. Bulbs in all rooms should be frosted or 
shaded. Hall —Electricity or lamp hung from center in form of 
lantern or cast iron bracket to hold at least one bulb or one lamp. 
If side lights are desired, fixtures of brass, cast iron, or enameled 
iron are effective. 

Living Room —If possible, at least one baseboard plug, one 
center ceiling light or side brackets if desired. If room is large a 
center floor plug is desirable. Plugs permit lamps to be used with¬ 
out unnecessary cords showing. If wire must pass through rug, 
do not cut rug but push threads apart. 

Dining Room —If a center light-in shape of dome is used, hang 
low enough to avoid shining in eyes of those dining. A soft effect is 


[ 48 ] 


gained by side brackets representing sconces. Wired metal or glass 
candlesticks on mantel and side-board, give pleasing effect. Floor 
plug near dining table for electrical table appliances. 

Bedrooms —Fixtures should be placed in long wall space con¬ 
venient to bureau or dressing table. Have plug near bed for lamp 
for reading in bed. If space permits, night light on table in upper 
hall is useful. All plugs and sockets should be of standard shape 
and size. 

Cleaning 

House should be easy to clean with hard smooth floors, with 
cracks well filled, and rugs rather than carpets. Rounded edges 
and corners of baseboards desirable, also simple baseboards. One 
flight of stairs is sufficient if located out of sight of living room. 
This saves labor of cleaning two flights. Two cleaning closets, one 
on ground floor and one on second floor, are labor savers. Have 
space for vacuum cleaner and for hanging all brushes, brooms and 
dusters, and a shelf above or at side for the cleaning compounds. 
Zinc or other fireproof lining to cupboard and ventilator desirable. 

Storage Space —Attic with rows of shelves for storing boxes and 
small objects is desirable. Wooden chests, trunks, and a cedar lined 
chest or cupboard useful. Built-in closets or rows of inexpensive 
chests of drawers with space to pass between are good. 

Storage Closets 

Every bedroom should have clothes closet with hooks and a rod 
for hangers, a shelf for hats and a bottom shelf for shoes. A tall 
closet may have near ceiling an additional rod for hangers for less 
often used clothes, and long rod lifter to reach hangers, A cup¬ 
board for bed linen should be in upstairs hall or in a centrally 
located room. On ground floor coat closet is desirable; also tool 
cupboad or chest, large china cupboard, low enough for all china 
to be within reach. Cold closet with open wire screen cabinets in 
basement. 

Pantry 

If kitchen is well ventilated and stove has hood, pass pantry 
not necessary. It makes extra steps. If pass pantry is in house, 
only its narrowest dimension should divide kitchen from dining 
room. Partitions under sink for trays to stand; a narrow space 
for table leaves; a china cupboard with reachable shelves, and a 
sink and drainboards like those described for kitchen are desirable. 
Drawer on small shelf for cleaning compounds and brushes for 
cleaning silver, steel, brass and copper. 

[ 49 ] 


Financing a Home 

Prepared by the Division of Building and Housing, Depart¬ 
ment of Commerce 

—What You Buy and How to Buy It 

In purchasing a home a misstep may be unfortunate, so get the 
best advice you can, and watch every step. First of all, what you 
buy is the site and the improvements on it. If a building and loan 
association, or bank, loans you money on the property, it has a direct 
financial interest in helping you guard yourself on certain points, 
such as making sure that there are no old mortgages, no unpaid back 
taxes, or bills for building materials, or other claims against the 
property. 

Be certain your title is clear, or have it insured or guaranteed. 
Learn of any easements, such as the right of a telephone company 
to place its poles upon your lot. 

If you make a purchase offer with a cash deposit, include a state¬ 
ment as to whether window shades, stoves, and other movable prop¬ 
erty are included. Risk from loss by fire or elements should be 
assumed by the owner until the title passes to you. 

Your offer should be dependent on your obtaining a satisfactory 
loan to finance the proposition, and the ability of the owners to 
furnish papers to show a good marketable title, free from liens or 
encumbrances. In other words, do not bind yourself to the pur¬ 
chase until you are sure of what you are paying for, and that you 
can finance it. 

You must be prepared to pay taxes on your property, and 
special assessments for installation of water, sewerage, electric light, 
gas or other public utilities, or street paving and sidewalks. Note 
what improvements are already made, and what additional ones you 
may have to pay for. 

2.—How to Hay for Tour Home 

In buying a house and lot you must borrow what you cannot 
pay in cash. Remember that the more risks you assume, the fewer 
the lender will have to charge you for. Your promise to pay back 
what you borrow will be secured by a mortgage or trust on the 
property. A first mortgage loan on not over one-half or two- 
thirds of the value of a piece of property is a very safe investment, 
and the rates of interest should be low. The lender on a second 
mortgage takes more risk, and rates of interest and discounts are 
higher. If you agree to buy a home without the title passing to 
you at once, the seller takes less risk, and you may save money. 

[ 50 ] 


J .— Where to Get Loans 

There are building and loan associations throughout the coun¬ 
try, usually organized to serve the needs of people like yourself, 
who wish to finance a home. Their plan of weekly or monthly pay¬ 
ments, both on principal and for interest, has proved sound from 
the experience of millions of people as an aid to systematic saving. 
Loans may often be obtained from savings banks, trust companies, 
state banks, individuals, and trustees for estates. 

Obtaining money on a second mortgage is usually not so easy. 
Remember that when the owner of a house takes a second mortgage 
in payment he may plan to sell it for four-fifths or less.of its face 
value, and that he probably charges you accordingly. 

Above all, when you start to save for a home do not throw your 
money into glittering schemes that promise big dividends and the 
chance to borrow money at 3 per cent or less. The concerns behind 
such schemes cannot be trusted. 

/£•—How Much Can You Afford? 

It is said that a man may own a home worth one and one-half 
to two and one-half times his annual income but the payments you 
make during the first few years after purchasing are what you 
should pay most attention to. Rent ordinarily requires from ten 
per cent, to twenty-five, or even more, of a family’s annual income. 
In addition to what you ordinarily pay for rent, you can devote your 
customary savings, or more, to paying off the principal of loans on 
your home. 

Following is an example : A man who earns $2,000 a year buys 
a house and lot costing $4,000. He has $1,000 cash to pay down 
on it, and obtains a loan of $3,000, or 75 per cent, of the value 
of the property, from a building and loan association. 

Cost per year for a $4,000 house (not including depreciation) 
Payments on $3,000 B. & L. Shares at 

^2% a month or 6% a year (savings) $180.00 a year 


Interest on $3,000 loan at 6 % . 

180.00 “ 

u 

Interest on $1,000 cash at 5%. 

50.00 “ 

u 

Taxes (vary locally) .. 

75.00“ 

u 

Insurance . 

5.00 “ 

u 

Upkeep at 1%. 

60.00 “ 

(( 


$550.00 

Of the total income of $2,000, the $550 represents 27 y 2 °/o di¬ 
vided as follows: 18^2% for rent; 9% for savings. In about 
twelve years the loan is paid off, and the home owned free and clear. 

[ 51 ] 








Zoning and IHhat it Means 
to the Home 

By Dr. John M. Gries 

CHIEF DIVISION OF BUILDING AND' HOUSING, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Z ONING helps home owners by establishing residential districts 
from which garages, and business and factory buildings are ex¬ 
cluded. Apartments or houses covering more than 30 or 40 per 
cent, of the area of a lot may be prohibited in some sections. This 
all means a better and fairer chance for each family to have a home 
with enough light and air, and healthful, decent surroundings, near 
to schools, playgrounds and transportation facilities. 

It may be added that zoning, when wisely carried out, provides 
for grouping of neighborhood stores at convenient points, and for 
guided growth of business and industrial districts, in the directions 
best suited for them. 

In the words of the Advisory Committee on Zoning appointed 
by Secretary Hoover: 

“Zoning is the application of common sense and fairness to the 
public regulations governing the use of private real estate. It is a 
painstaking, honest effort to provide each district or neighborhood, 
as nearly as practicable, with just such protection and just such 
liberty as are sensible in that particular district. It avoids the error 
of trying to apply exactly the same building regulations to every 
part of a city or town regardless of whether it is a suburban resi¬ 
dence section or a factory district, or a business and financial center. 

“Zoning gives everyone who lives or does business in a com¬ 
munity a chance for the reasonable enjoyment of his rights. At the 
same time it protects him from unreasonable injury by neighbors 
who would seek private gain at his expense. 

“Zoning regulations differ in different districts according to the 
determined uses of the land for residence, business, or manufac¬ 
turing, and according to the advisable heights and ground areas. 

“But these differing regulations are the same for all districts 
of the same type. They treat all men alike.” 

But the benefits of zoning are not confined to safeguarding the 
home and its surroundings. It can reduce losses due to.topsy-turvy 
growth of cities, and cut the cost of living. Every year millions of 
dollars are wasted in American cities from the scrapping of build- 

[ 52 ] 


ings in “blighted” districts. For instance, fine residential districts 
may be threatened by sporadic factories or junk yards, and owners 
may become panicky and sell at a sacrifice millions of dollars worth 
of valuable dwellings which will be left to stand practically idle. 
The public must pay for this loss in one way or another. Frequently 
money for street, sewers and other utilities need never be spent if it 
is known in advance that large factories are to occupy new develop¬ 
ments. Industry and homes are both more efficient if kept generally 
separate, though separation need not mean great distances for 
workers to travel. 

“How has zoning worked?” “What has it accomplished?” 
About 70 cities and towns have adopted zoning ordinances since 
1916, and the idea has worked well. Reliable authorities declare 
that “the New York zoning regulations have prevented vast de¬ 
preciation in many districts and effected savings in values amounting 
to millions of dollars in established sections.” The highest class 
residential districts in New York, in which only 30 per cent, of the 
lot area may be used for dwellings, have developed with much 
greater confidence, due to the knowledge that houses built would be 
safe from invasion by apartments or industry. 

In St. Louis “it was found that residences tended to follow T the 
residence districts, and did not even attempt to seek locations in 
industrial or unrestricted areas. Except commercial buildings which 
were built partly in commercial and partly in industrial districts, 
the development of St. Louis is said to be fitting itself very closely 
to the zoning plan. 

“In New Jersey it has been found that the unzoned suburban 
town is at a distinct disadvantage as compared with the community 
protected by a zoning ordinance.” 

It is sometimes said that zoning is arbitrary and restricts the 
liberty of the individual to do as he wishes; but when zoning laws 
have been sensibly and comprehensively drawn, the courts have ap¬ 
proved them as a reasonable exercise of the police power “for the 
public health, safety and general welfare.” 

Zoning should always be undertaken in close relation to a city 
plan. It is essentially a neighborly proposition, and there should 
be neighborhood meetings to explain it and gather suggestions. 

The purpose of a zoning ordinance is to insure that growth, in¬ 
stead of taking place sporadically and wastefully, should go on in an 
orderly way in response to generally recognized needs, and with 
due notice to all concerned. 

Zoning today is giving security and the sense of security to hun¬ 
dreds of thousands of families in America, in the enjoyment of 
happy homes amid the right kind of surroundings. 

Is your city zoned? 


[ 53 ] 





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